Explaining the Paternalistic-Dictatorial Leadership Style of Head Coaches: An Analysis of Key Actors and Objectives in Iran’s National Teams

Document Type : Original

Authors

1 Department of sports management,, Isf,, C, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Ph.D. in Sports Management, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

10.22108/asml.2026.146915.1109

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explain this style by analyzing the roles of key players (head coaches, technical staff, players, federation managers, support staff, media, fans and sponsors) and the alignment of goals of national teams in football, volleyball, basketball, wrestling and taekwondo.

Methodology: This prospective study used key actor analysis in Iran's championship sports, employing the MACTOR strategic simulation tool to assess power relations and goal alignments. Key actors and objectives were derived from official documents like federation regulations (football, volleyball, basketball, wrestling, taekwondo) and Ministry of Sports reports, plus expert interviews.

Findings: The findings showed that head coaches have the highest influence (42) and players have the highest dependency (39); federation managers show the highest competitiveness (3.3), while the media have the lowest (0.55). Performance goals such as global success and team orientation received full support, but long-term goals such as youth development were less supported. Strong convergence was observed between head coaches, federation and technical staff, in contrast to the prominent divergence between federation and sponsors. The conclusion emphasizes that this style strengthens national cohesion and suggests that by integrating participatory elements, dependency can be reduced and performance can be sustained, which offers innovation in the management of Iranian championship sports.

Originality: The style balances authority and benevolence, boosting national success but risking creativity limits. Recommendations include participatory integrations to lessen dependencies and divergences, prioritizing youth alongside victories. This framework advances coaching strategies, addressing global influences on athletes, fostering sustainable championship sports in Iran.

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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 19 May 2026
  • Receive Date: 07 October 2025
  • Revise Date: 30 January 2026
  • Accept Date: 19 May 2026